Paternity Testing
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If the father is deceased or simply unavailable for testing, a grand
parentage test or an avuncular test can be performed.

Grandparentage Test

A grand parentage test is often one of the better relationship tests to
perform to determine paternity of  a child.  The
best testing scenario is a
test which includes the mother, child and both of the alleged father’s
parents
(the child’s paternal grandmother and grandfather).  By including
both of the alleged father’s parents, the alleged father’s DNA profile can
be reconstructed.  Comparing the alleged father’s reconstructed profile
against the child’s DNA, can allow this testing scenario to give
results as
accurate as a paternity test
.

Each time a person is removed from the test, such as a grandparent or
mother, the strength of the genetic evidence decreases, therefore testing
all 4 individuals is the best testing option.

The fee for this test is based on the number of individuals tested.  
Results are available 3-5 business days after receipt at the laboratory.


Avuncular Test

An avuncular test involves testing the child’s paternal aunt or uncle (the
alleged father’s sister or brother).  Including the mother in this test is
strongly recommended as it strengthens the genetic evidence.  
Generally, this test will not give results as strong as a grandparentage
test, but it is still a good option if the only people available for testing are
the alleged father's siblings.

The fee for this test is based on the number of individuals tested.  
Results are available 3-5 business days after receipt at the laboratory.
Grandparentage Testing

1.  Mother, Child, 2 Grandparents
2.  Mother, Child, 1 Grandparent
3.  Child, 2 Grandparents
4.  Child, 1 Grandparent
Avuncular Testing

1.  Mother, Child, Aunt or Uncle
2.  Child, Aunt or Uncle